Symptoms can be intestinal or extra-intestinal - the former predominates in severe malabsorption.ĭiarrhoea, often steatorrhoea is the most common feature. They can occur in a variety of ways and features might give a clue to the underlying condition. Giardia lamblia, fish tape worm (B12 malabsorption) roundworm, hookworm (Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus) Due to structural defects Blind loops Inflammatory bowel diseases commonly in Crohn's Disease Intestinal hurry from Post-gastrectomy post-vagotomy, gastro-jejunostomy Fistulae, diverticulae and strictures, Infiltrative conditions such as amyloidosis, lymphoma, Eosinophilic gastroenteropathy Radiation enteritis Systemic sclerosis and collagen vascular diseases Short bowel syndrome Due to mucosal abnormality Coeliac disease Cows' milk intolerance Soya milk intolerance Fructose malabsorption Due to enzyme deficiencies Lactase deficiency inducing lactose intolerance (constitutional, secondary or rarely congenital) Sucrose intolerance Intestinal disaccharidase deficiency Intestinal enteropeptidase deficiency Due to digestive failure Pancreatic insufficiencies: cystic fibrosis chronic pancreatitis carcinoma of pancreas Zollinger-Ellison syndrome Bile salt malabsorption terminal ileal disease obstructive jaundice bacterial overgrowth primary bile acid diarrhea Due to other systemic diseases affecting GI tract Coeliac disease Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism Addison's disease Diabetes mellitus Hyperparathyroidism and Hypoparathyroidism Carcinoid syndrome Malnutrition Fiber Deficiency and Abeta-lipoproteinaemia. Malabsorption constitutes the pathological interference with the normal physiological sequence of digestion (intraluminal process), absorption (mucosal process) and transport (postmucosal events) of nutrients.Ĭongenital or acquired reduction in absorptive surfaceĭue to infective agents Whipple's disease Intestinal tuberculosis HIV related malabsorption Tropical sprue traveller's diarrhoea Parasites e.g. The final products of digestion are absorbed through the intestinal epithelial cells. Enzymatic hydrolysis is initiated by intraluminal processes requiring gastric, pancreatic, and biliary secretions. Mechanical processes include chewing, gastric churning, and the to-and-fro mixing in the small intestine. Digestion involves both mechanical and enzymatic breakdown of food. The main purpose of the gastrointestinal tract is to digest and absorb nutrients (fat, carbohydrate, protein, and fiber), micronutrients (vitamins and trace minerals), water, and electrolytes. Partial, as observed in a-Beta-lipoproteinaemia. Selective, as seen in lactose malabsorption. Some prefer to classify malabsorption clinically into three basic categories: This may lead to malnutrition and a variety of anaemias.
Impairment can be of single or multiple nutrients depending on the abnormality. Malabsorption is a state arising from abnormality in absorption of food nutrients across the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
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